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Selected Bibliography: Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Assessment

These references have been selected to provide the reader with an overview of the area of pressure ulcer prevention and assessment. This is not designed as an exhaustive bibliography of the field.

Best Practices and Quality Indicators

Anonymous. Management of Tissue Load: An excerpt from the third NPUAP Slide Set. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 1997 Oct. 10(6): 35-8.

Baharestani MM, Ratliff C, the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Pressure ulcers in neonates and children: An NPUAP white paper. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 2006 (in press).

Bates-Jensen, B.M. 2001. Annals of Internal Medicine: 135. Quality indicators for prevention and management of pressure ulcers in vulnerable elders.

Berlowitz, D.R.; Brand, H.K.; Perkins, C. 1999. Geriatric syndromes as outcome measures of hospital care: Can administrative data be used? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 47(6):692-6.

Berlowitz, D.R.; Bezerra, H.Q.; Brandeis, G.H.; Kader, B; Anderson, J.J. 2000. Are we improving the quality of nursing home care?: the case of pressure ulcers. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 48(1):59-62.

Berlowitz, D.R.; Brandeis, G.H.; Morris, J.N.; Ash, A.S.; Anderson, J.J.; Kader, B.; Moskowitz, M.A. 2001. Deriving a risk-adjustment model for pressure ulcer development using the Minimum Data Set. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 49(7):866-871.

Berlowitz, D.R.; Brandeis, G.H.; Anderson, J.J.; Ash, A.S.; Kader, B.; Morris, J.N.; Moskowitz, M.A. 2001. Evaluation of a risk-adjustment model for pressure ulcer development using the Minimum Data Set. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 49(7):872-876.

Blegen, M.A.; Goode, C.J.; Reed, L. 1998. Nurse staffing and patient outcomes. Nursing Research 47(1):43-50.

Boettger, J.E. 1997. Effects of a pressure-reduction mattress and staff education on the incidence of nosocomial pressure ulcers. J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 24(1):19-25.

CalNOC. 2000. A statewide nursing outcomes database. Linking patient outcomes to hospital nursing care: California Nursing Outcomes Coalition.

Dolynchuk, K.; Keast, D.; Campbell, K.; Houghton, P.; Orsted, H.; Sibbald, G. et al. 2000. Best practices for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Ostomy Wound Management 46(11):38-52.

Hanson, D.; Langemo, D.K.; Olson, B.; Hunter, S.; Burd, C. 1994. Evaluation of pressure ulcer prevalence rates for hospice patients post-implementation of pressure ulcer protocols. Am. J. Hosp. Palliat. Care 11(6):14-9.

Inman, K.J.; Dymock, K.; Fysh, N.; Robbins, B.; Rutledge, F.S.; Sibbald, W.J. 1999. Pressure ulcer prevention: a randomized controlled trial of 2 risk-directed strategies for patient surface assignment. Advances in Wound Care 12(2):72-80.

Lyder, C.H.; Preston, J.A.; Ahearn, D.; Dimenstein, M.; Forsyth, K.; Grady, J.N. et al. November 1998. Medicare Quality Indicator System: Pressure Ulcer Predication and Prevention Module Final Report. Government Report. Bethesda, MD: Health Care Financing Administration.

Lyder, C.H.; Presto, J.; Grady, J.; Scinto, J.; Allman, R.; Bergstrom, N. et al. 2001. Quality of care for hospitalized Medicare patients at risk for pressure ulcers. Arch. Intern Med.:161.

Sacharok, C.; Drew, J. 1998. Use of a total quality management model to reduce pressure ulcer prevalence in the acute care setting. J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 25(2):88-92.

Xakellis, G.C.; Frantz, R.A.; Lewis, A.; Harvey P. 1998. Cost-effectiveness of an intensive pressure ulcer prevention protocol in long-term care. Advances in Wound Care 11(1):22-9.

Zanca JM, Brienza DM, Berlowitz D, Bennett RG, Lyder CH; National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Pressure ulcer research funding in America: creation and analysis of an on-line database. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 2003 Jul-Aug; 16(4): 190-7.

Healing

Anonymous. Management of Tissue Load: An excerpt from the third NPUAP Slide Set. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 1997 Oct. 10(6): 35-8.

Bates-Jensen, B.M. 1997. The Pressure Sore Status tool a few thousand assessments later. Advances in Wound Care10(5):65-73.

Berlowitz DR, Ratliff C, Cuddigan J, Rodeheaver G; National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. The PUSH Tool: A Survey to Determine Its Perceived Usefulness. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 2005 Nov-Dec; 18(9): 480-483.

NPUAP. 1998. Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), Version 3.0. In: www.npuap.org: NPUAP.

The NPUAP Task Force. Thomas, D.R.; Rodeheaver, G.T.; Bartolucci, A.A.; Frantz, R.A.; Sussman, C.; Ferrell, B.A.; Cuddigan, J.; Stotts, N.A.; Maklebust, J. 1997. Pressure ulcer scale for healing: derivation and validation of the PUSH tool. Advances in Wound Care 10(5):96-101.

NPUAP Task Force. Stotts, N.A.; Rodeheaver, G.T., Thomas, D.R.; Frantz, R.A.; Bartolucci, A.A.; Frantz, R.A.; Sussman, C.; Ferrell, B.A.; Cuddigan, J.; Maklebust, J. 2001 (in press). An instrument to measure healing in pressure ulcers; Development and validation of the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH). Journal of Gerontology.

Thomas, D.R. 1997. Existing tools: Are they meeting the challenges of pressure ulcer healing? Advances in Wound Care 10(5):86-90.

Thomas DR. Rodeheaver GT. Bartolucci AA. Franz RA. Sussman C. Ferrell BA. Cuddigan J. Stotts NA. Maklebust J. Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing: Derivation and Validation of the PUSH Tool. The PUSH Task Force. Advances in Skin & Wound Care.1997 10(5): 96-101.

Stotts, N.A.; Rodeheaver, G.T. 1997. Revision of the PUSH Tool using an expanded database. Advances in Wound Care 10(5):107.

Xakellis, G.C.; Frantz, R.A. 1997. Pressure ulcer healing: What is it? What influences it? How is it measured?
Advances in Wound Care 10(5):20-26.

Incidence and Prevalence

Barczak, C.A.; Barnett, R.I.; Childs, E.J.; Bosley, L.M. 1997. Fourth national pressure ulcer prevalence survey.
Advances in Wound Care 10(4):18-26.

Baumgarten, M. 1998. Designing prevalence and incidence studies. Advances in Wound Care 11(6):287-93.

Bergstrom, N.; Braden, B.; Kemp, M.; Champagne, M.; Ruby, E. 1996. Multi-site study of incidence of pressure ulcers and the relationship between risk level, demographic characteristics, diagnoses, and prescription of preventive interventions.
J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 44:22-30.

Bergquist, S.; Frantz, R. 1999. Pressure ulcers in community-based older adults receiving home health care. Prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors. Advances in Wound Care 12(7):339-51.

Cuddigan J. Frantz RA. Pressure Ulcer Research: Pressure Ulcer Treatment. A monograph from the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 1998 Oct 11(6): 294-300; quiz 30.

Data 2010: The Healthy People 2010 Database. In: Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics. Website: http://wonder.cdc.gov/data2010/obj.htm.

Frantz, R.A. 1997. Measuring prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers. Advances in Wound Care 10(1):21-4.

National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Board of Directors. Cuddigan J.; Berlowitz, D.R.; Ayello, E.A. (Eds). 2001. Pressure ulcers in America: Prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future. An executive summary of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Monograph. Advances in Skin and Wound Care 14(4):208-215.

National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Cuddigan, J.; Ayello, E.A., Sussman, C. (Eds.). 2001. Pressure ulcers in America: Prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future. Reston, VA: NPUAP.

Olson, B.; Langemo, D.; Burd, C.; Hanson, D.; Hunter, S.; Cathcart Silberberg, T. 1996. Pressure ulcer incidence in an acute care setting. J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 23(1):15-22.

O'Sullivan, K.L.; Engrav, L.H.; Maier, R.V.; Pilcher, S.L.; Isik, F.F.; Copass, M.K. 1997. Pressure sores in the acute trauma patient: incidence and causes. J. Trauma 42(2):276-8.

Pieper, B.; Templin, T.N.; Dobal, M.; Jacox, A. 1999. Wound prevalence, types, and treatments in home care.
Advances in Wound Care 12(3):117-26.

Sacharok, C.; Drew, J. 1998. Use of a total quality management model to reduce pressure ulcer prevalence in the acute care setting. J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 25(2):88-92.

Salzberg, C.A.; Byrne, D.W.; Cayten, C.G.; Kabir, R.; van Niewerburgh, P.; Viehbeck, M. et al. 1998. Predicting and preventing pressure ulcers in adults with paralysis. Advances in Wound Care 11(5):237-46.

Schue, R.M.; Langemo, D.K. 1998. Pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence and a modification of the Braden Scale for a rehabilitation unit. J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 25(1):36-43.

Whittington, K.; Patrick, M.; Roberts, J.L. 2000. A national study of pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence in acute care hospitals. J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 27(4):209-15.

Williams, D.F.; Stotts, N.A.; Nelson, K. 2000. Patients with existing pressure ulcers admitted to acute care. J. Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 27(4):216-26.

Practice Guidelines

Bergstrom, N.; Bennett, M.A.; Carlson, C. et al. 1994. Treatment of pressure ulcers. Clinical practice guideline, No 15. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. AHCPR Pub. No. 95-0622.

Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. 2000. Pressure ulcer prevention and treatment following spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health care professionals. Guideline available at www.pvs.org. Washington, D.C.: Paralyzed Veterans of America.

Krasner, D. 1999. The AHCPR pressure ulcer infection control recommendations revisited. Ostomy Wound Management 45(1A Suppl):88s-91s.

Panel for the Prediction and Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in Adults. 1992. Pressure Ulcers in Adults: Prediction and Prevention. Clinical practice guideline Number 3. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Taler, G. et al. 1996. Pressure ulcers: Clinical practice guidelines. Columbia, MD: American Medical Directors Association.

Van Rijswijk, L.; Braden, B.J. 1999. Pressure ulcer patient and wound assessment: an AHCPR clinical practice guideline update. Ostomy Wound Management 45(1A Suppl):56s-67s.

WOCN. 2000. Wound clinical pathway framework. Report No. 445-37. Laguna Beach, CA. Wound Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society.

Risk Assessment

Ayello, E.A.; Braden, B. 2001. Why is pressure ulcer risk assessment so important? Nursing 2001. 31 (11): 75-79.

Bennett, M.A. 1995. Report of the task force on the implications for darkly pigmented intact skin in the prediction and prevention of pressure ulcers. Advances in Wound Care 8(6):34-5.

Bergstrom, N.; Braden, B.; Kemp, M.; Champagne, N.M.; Ruby, E. 1998. Predicting pressure ulcer risk: a multisite study of the predictive validity of the Braden Scale. Nursing Research 47(5):261-9.

Carlson, E.V.; Kemp, M.G.; Shott, S. 1999. Predicting the risk of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients. Am. J. Crit. Care8(4):262-9.

Lewicki, L.J.; Mion, L.; Splane, K.G.; Samstag, D.; Secic, M. 1997. Patient risk factors for pressure ulcers during cardiac surgery. AORN J. 65(5):933-2.

Lyder, C.H.; Yu C,; Emerling, J.; Mangat, R.; Stevenson, D.; Empleo-Frazier, O. et al. 1999. The Braden Scale for pressure ulcer risk: evaluating the predictive validity in Black and Latino/Hispanic elders. Applied Nursing Research 12(2):60-8.

Lyder, C.H.; Yu, C., Stevenson, D.; Mangat, R.; Empleo Frazier, O.; Emerling, J. et al. 1998. Validating the Braden Scale for the predication of pressure ulcer risk in blacks and Latino/Hispanic elders: a pilot study. Ostomy Wound Management 44(3A Suppl):42s-49s.

NPUAP. Description of NPUAP. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. Jul-Aug 8(4): suppl 93-5. No authors. Pressure Ulcer Prevalence, Cost and Risk Assessment: Consensus Development Conference Statement —The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Decubitus.1989 May2(2):24-8.

Sprigle, S.; Linden, M.; McKenna, D.; Davis, K.; Riordan, B. 2001. Clinical skin temperature measurement to predict incipient pressure ulcers. Advances in Skin and Wound Care 14(3):133-137.

Stotts, NA. 1999. Risk of pressure ulcer development in surgical patients: A review of the literature. Advances in Wound Care 12(3): 127-36.

Stotts, N.A. Deosaransingh, K.; Roll, F.J.; Newman, J. 1998. Under utilization of pressure ulcer risk assessment in hip fracture patients. Advances in Wound Care 11(1):32-8.

Tourtual, D.M.; Riesenberg, L.A.;Korutz, C.J.; Semo, A.H.; Asef, A.; Talati, K. et al. 1997. Predictors of hospital acquired heel pressure. Ostomy Wound Management 43(8):24-8, 30, 32-4 passim.

Van Rijswijk, L.; Braden, B.J. 1999. Pressure ulcer patient and wound assessment: An AHCPR clinical practice guideline update. Ostomy Wound Management 45(1A suppl):56-68.

Staging

Ankrom MA. Bennett RG. Sprigle S. Langemo D. Black JM. Berlowitz DR. Lyder CH. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin and the current pressure ulcer staging systems. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 2005 Jan-Feb 18(1): 35-42.

Black JM; the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Moving Toward Consensus on Deep Tissue Injury and Pressure Ulcer Staging. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 2005 Oct; 18(8): 415-421.

Henderson, C.T.; Ayello, E.A.; Sussman, C.; Leiby, D.M.; Bennett M.A.; Dungog, E.F. et al. 1997. Draft definition of stage I pressure ulcers: Inclusion of persons with darkly pigmented skin. NPUAP Task Force on Stage I definition and darkly pigmented skin. Advances in Wound Care 10(5):16-9.

NPUAP. The facts about reverse staging in 2000. The NPUAP position statement. www.npuap.org: NPUAP.

Zulkowski K, Langemo D, Posthauer Me; National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Coming to consensus on deep tissue injury. Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 2005 Jan-Feb; 18(1): 28-9.

Books

Baranoski, S. and Ayello E.A. Wound Care Essentials. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2004.

Bryant, R.A. (Ed). Acute and Chronic Wounds: Nursing Management (3rd ed.). St Louis: Mosby, 2000.

Hess, C.T. Nurse's Clinical Guide to Wound Care (3d ed.). Springhouse, PA: Springhouse, 2000.

Kloth, L.C.; McCulloch, J.M.; Feedar, M.A. Wound Healing: Alternatives in Management (2d ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis, 1995.

Krasner, D.L.; Rodeheaver, G.T.; Sibbald, R.G. (Eds). Chronic Wound Care: A Clinical Source Book for Healthcare Professionals (3d ed.). Wayne, PA: HMP Communications, 2001.

Maklebust, J.; Sieggreen, M. Pressure Ulcers: Guidelines for Prevention and Nursing Management(3d ed.). Springhouse, PA: Springhouse, 2001.

Morison, M.J. (Ed). The Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers. St. Louis: Mosby, 2001.

Sussman, C.; Bates-Jensen, B.M. Wound Care: A Collaborative Practice Manual for Physical Therapists and Nurses (2d ed.). Gaithersburg, Maryland: Aspen Publishers, 2001.


NPUAP provides multi-disciplinary leadership for improved patient outcomes in pressure ulcer prevention and management through education, public policy, and research.